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Molluscum Contagiosum: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

William Wadzinski | MD

Medically reviewed by William Wadzinski | MD, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences on December 12th, 2023.

Key Takeaways

  • The infection is caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), a poxvirus that spreads through direct contact, shared towels, or contaminated surfaces like gym equipment and pool areas.

  • Lesions appear as 2-5mm dome-shaped, flesh-colored bumps with a characteristic central dimple (umbilication) that may contain a white, waxy core when squeezed.

  • Children typically develop 10-20 lesions on the face, trunk, and arms, while adults often have fewer bumps in the genital area from sexual transmission.

  • Most cases self-resolve within 6-18 months as the immune system clears the virus, though immunocompromised patients may have persistent lesions for years.

  • Active treatments include cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen), curettage (scraping), or topical imiquimod 5% cream applied 3 times weekly, though these can cause scarring unlike natural resolution.

Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral skin infection that most often affects children, but adults with weakened immune systems can also get it. The infection causes small, raised, pearl-like bumps (papules) on the skin that can last for a few months or up to a few years.

Symptoms of Molluscum Contagiosum

The bumps caused by molluscum contagiosum usually appear on the face, trunk, and limbs of children and on the genitals, abdomen, and inner thighs of adults. These bumps are typically:

  • Painless but can sometimes itch

  • Small (2 to 5 millimeters in diameter)

  • Firm, dome-shaped, and flesh-colored at first

  • Softer with time

  • Red and may drain over time

  • Filled with a central core of white, waxy material

Molluscum Contagiosum: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Causes of Molluscum Contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus, which is part of the pox virus family. The infection can spread through:

  • Direct contact with an infected person

  • Sexual contact with an infected person

  • Rubbing or scratching the bumps

Diagnosing Molluscum Contagiosum

A doctor can usually diagnose molluscum contagiosum based on the appearance of the bumps. If there is any uncertainty, a skin biopsy can confirm the diagnosis. Your doctor may also check for other health problems if they suspect any underlying issues.

Treating Molluscum Contagiosum

In many cases, molluscum contagiosum will go away on its own without treatment. However, if you want to remove the bumps, your doctor can do so by scraping or freezing them, although this may leave scars. Topical medications, such as those used for wart removal, can also help eliminate the papules.

Preventing Molluscum Contagiosum

To reduce your risk of getting molluscum contagiosum, follow these tips:

  • Avoid direct skin-to-skin contact with anyone who may have the condition

  • Treat eczema in children, as it can make them more susceptible to the infection

  • Practice safe sex or maintain a monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner (condoms do not provide full protection as the virus can reach areas not covered by the condom)

If you suspect that you or your child has molluscum contagiosum, consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment options. With proper care and attention, most cases of molluscum contagiosum resolve within 6 to 9 months.

For more information on molluscum contagiosum, visit:

The Bottom Line

This benign viral infection usually clears on its own within 6-18 months without scarring, making watchful waiting the preferred approach for most patients. Treatment is mainly considered for cosmetic concerns or to prevent spread to others. If you're unsure about unusual skin bumps or need guidance on treatment options, Doctronic can provide quick answers and peace of mind.

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